The influence of tidal hydrodynamic conditions on the generation of lee waves at the main sill of the Strait of Gibraltar |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Safety, Economics and Planning, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, 4036, Norway;2. Institute for Sustainable Food Systems and School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0180, USA;1. IPMA-Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P. Av. Brasília, 6, 1449-006, Lisboa, Portugal;2. Centre de Recherches Halieutiques Méditerranéenne et Tropicale Sète (IRD, CRH, BP 171) Avenue Jean Monnet BP 171, Sète, 34203, France;1. Biotechnology Center, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;1. Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, India;2. Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;1. Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;2. SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, 7465 Trondheim, Norway;1. Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;2. Korea Polar Research Institute, 21990 Incheon, South Korea;3. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;4. Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;5. LEMAR, CNRS, Univ Brest, Ifremer, IRD, Rue Dumont D''Urville, 29280 Plouzane, France;6. Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway;7. Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, 14467 Potsdam, Germany;8. Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway;9. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;10. AquaBiota Water Research, 115 50 Stockholm, Sweden;11. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom;12. Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland;13. Linnaeus University, 39182 Kalmar, Sweden;14. Institute of Marine Research, 9294 Tromsø, Norway;15. Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29238 Brest, France;p. Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;q. Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Japan;r. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, 24148 Kiel, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The main sill of the Strait of Gibraltar (Camarinal Sill) is an area of very energetic internal wave activity. The highest amplitude internal wave is the well-known internal bore, generated at critical conditions over Camarinal Sill. A very energetic lee wave has recently been found and reported. This occurs in neap tides when favorable combination of the stratification, vertical profile of horizontal background velocity, and bottom topography determines its generation. When the lee wave is developed the manifestation of high-amplitude internal waves is observed at the sea surface as high-frequency chaotic oscillations, named boiling waters. We analyze the generation of the lee wave over the main sill of Gibraltar Strait on the basis of the data from a ship mounted ADCP, multi-probe CTD data taken during a survey carried out in November 1998, and the numerical solution of the Taylor–Goldstein equation for the prevailing hydraulic conditions previous to its generation. Stratification is computed from CTD data, and the tidal current prediction is made from the 2 years of ADCP hourly data at Camarinal Sill gathered during the Gibraltar Experiment 94-96. The main characteristic is that they happen during neap tides, and their magnitude is comparable to the internal bore generated during spring tides. The classical internal bore and the lee waves are different phenomena, and the presence of the latter is an indicator of minimum flow over Camarinal Sill. A prediction model for lee waves based on the tidal hydrodynamic conditions is also developed. |
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