皖南国际文化旅游示范区旅游经济差异分析研究

利用极差、标准差、变异系数、基尼系数、赫芬达尔系数、首位度等方法,以2000~2013年皖南国际文化旅游示范区各地市的国内旅游收入、国际旅游收入以及旅游总收入为分析对象,揭示皖南国际文化旅游示范区区域旅游经济差异的时空特征。结果表明：① 皖南国际文化旅游示范区旅游发展规模呈现不平衡态势,各地市间绝对差异较大,相对差异逐渐减小;② 示范区内各地市的国内旅游收入差异和旅游总收入差异小于国际旅游收入差异;③ 2000~2013年皖南国际文化旅游示范区国内旅游收入和旅游总收入的基尼系数介于0.30~0.41之间,处于相对合理区间,国际旅游收入的基尼系数介于0.50~0.67之间,差距较大,甚至很悬殊;④ 国内旅游收入和旅游总收入城市首位度指数始终介于1.2~2.2之间,相对较大,第1位城市对第2位城市形成稳定的规模优势,而国际旅游收入城市首位度指数大部分时间介于3.0~9.5之间,第1位城市对第2位城市形成绝对的压倒性的规模优势。通过对皖南国际文化旅游示范区旅游经济差异成因进行分析,表明区域旅游经济规模与旅游资源禀赋、旅游基础设施建设、交通区位条件好坏、政府政策支持以及经济发展水平高低之间的关系密不可分。

Economic Differences in the Demonstration Area of the Southern Anhui International Cultural Tourism

It is of great significance to accelerate the development of the Demonstration Area of the Southern Anhui International Cultural Tourism under the circumstance of rapid tourism economy development in China today. It can help promote the regional coordinated development, accelerate the transformation of economic mode, carry forward the fine traditional Chinese culture, and advance the construction of a better Anhui Province. By using such methods as Range, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of Variation, the Gini Coefficient, the Herfindahl Coefficient and the Primacy Index, with the domestic tourism revenue, international tourism receipts and total tourism revenue of each city in the Demonstration Area in 2000-2013 as the research object, the article aims at revealing spatial and temporal characteristics of regional differences of tourism economy in the demonstration area so as to provide the basis for its coordinated and sustainable development. The results are as follows. First, the scale of tourism development in the area is unbalanced, with absolute differences among regional cities being big and their relative differences being reduced. Second, disparities of domestic tourism revenue among regional cities are less than those of the international tourism income. Third, the Gini Coefficient of domestic tourism revenue and total tourism income in 2000-2013 in the demonstration area is in a relatively reasonable range, ranging from 0.30 to 0.41, while the Gini coefficient of international tourism receipts changes from 0.50 to 0.67, showing that the gap is big, or even very huge. Finally, as for domestic tourism revenue and total tourism income, the urban primacy index in the first two cities varies from 1.2 to 2.2, with the top first city having more stable scale advantages than the second one. When it comes to international tourism receipts, the primacy index has been about 1.5 in the recent years and been between 3.0 and 9.5 in the other years, showing that the first city forms an absolute overwhelming size advantage over the second one. By analyzing the causes of economic differences of tourism in International Tourism and Culture Demonstration Zone in the Southern Anhui Province, it shows that economic scales of regional tourism bears a close relationship with endowments of tourism resources, tourism infrastructure, geographic traffic conditions, support of government policies and local economic growth.