近30年东北亚南北样带气候变化时空特征分析

以东北亚南北样带为研究区,基于NCDC气象数据,采用统计分析、线性趋势分析和累积距平分析法,对近30 a来东北亚地区的气候变化进行了系统研究。结果显示：1980~2010年,样带温度变化整体以升温态势为主,1996年后进入偏暖阶段,显著升温区年升温速率在0.05℃/a以上。降水变化整体表现为南减北增的空间分异格局,南部在1999年后进入偏少阶段,北部在2004年后进入偏多阶段,降水显著减少区,年降水量减少速率在5 mm/a以上;降水显著增加区,年降水量增加速率在5 mm/a以上。

The Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Climate Change in North-South Transect of Northeast Asia

Northeast Asia is an area with relatively concentrated resources, complex ecological environment pattern, diverse climate condition, significant relationship between people and land resources. The climate change in North Asia not only directly affects the local ecosystem succession, resource exploitation and economic development, but also plays an extremely important role on global climate change and the ecological balance. In this research, we choose the North-south transect of Northeast Asia as the study area,and make systematic analysis of the spatio-temporal characteristics of climate changeduring the past 30 years by means of statistical analysis, linear trend analysis and accumulative anomaly curve method and used the temperature and precipitation daily observation data of NCDC meteorological stations. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) North-south gradient zonal differentiation of temperature and precipitation issignificant inthe North-south transect of Northeast Asia. From north to south, the temperature and precipitation gradually increased. 2) During 1980-2010, the periodic changes of temperature and precipitation are very obvious. Temperature overallentered the warm phase after 1996, and precipitation showed reduction in south and increase in north in the spatial differentiation pattern. 3) The temperature changes mainly showed warming trend. The significant warming zones with annual increase rate of more than 0.05℃/a, occurred in the following areas: the northwest and south of the subarctic coniferous forest zone, temperate desert zone, central area of temperate steppe zone, and west area of the temperate mixed forest zone. 4) The spatial differences of precipitation changes are significant. The areas with the annual precipitation reduction rate of more than 5 mm/a are in the following areas: temperate steppe zone, temperate desert zone and the southwest region of temperate mixed forest zone. And the area with the annual precipitation increase rate of more than 5 mm/a are in the following area: western area of arctic tundra zone, northwestern and southern area of subarctic coniferous forest zone and southeastern regions of temperate mixed forest zone. The analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics of climate changesin North-South Transect of Northeast Asianot only provides a scientific basis for the future climate change studies of the whole Northeast Asia, but also has important significance to guide the human society and economic activity to adapt to the impact of climate change.