Modeling an experiment on radio sounding of the ionosphere from the artificial earth satellite Kosmos 1809 in the presence of vertical electron concentration inhomogeneities in the Arctic region

We explain a hypothesis on the origin and propose a model of the specific formation of the electron density in the polar ionosphere in the form of relatively thin vertical and inclined layers and sheets. Modeling has confirmed that the main features noted in the experiment are successfully depicted in the proposed model, namely, the significant group lag at the low-frequency end of the track, splitting into common and uncommon rays, and the presence of a sharp boundary at the limiting frequency of the track. An analogy with the sporadic Es layer of the “c” type is noted.