Moisture Transport and Associated Background Circulation for the Regional Extreme Precipitation Events over South China in Recent 41 Years

Based on the hourly precipitation data at 176 observational stations over south China and the hourly ERA5reanalysis data during the 40-yr period of 1981-2020, we analyzed the universal characteristics of moisture transport andtheir associated background circulations for four types of regional extreme precipitation events (REPEs) over southChina. Main findings are shown as follow. (i) The wind that transported moisture for the REPEs over south Chinafeatured a notable diurnal variation, which was consistent with the variations of the precipitation. (ii) Four types ofREPEs could be determined, among which the southwest type (SWT) and the southeast type (SET) accounted for ~92%and ~5.7%, respectively, ranking the first and second, respectively. (iii) Trajectory analyses showed that the air particlesof the SWT-REPEs had the largest specific humidity and experienced the most intense ascending motion, and thereforetheir precipitation was the strongest among the four types. (iv) South China was dominated by notable moisture fluxconvergence for the four types of REPEs, but their moisture transport was controlled by different flow paths. (v)Composite analyses indicated that the background circulation of the four types of REPEs showed different features,particularly for the intensity, location and coverage of a western Pacific subtropical high. For the SWT-REPEs, theirmoisture transport was mainly driven by a lower-tropospheric strong southwesterly wind band in the low-latituderegions. Air particles for this type of REPEs mainly passed over the Indochina Peninsula and South China Sea. For theSET-REPEs, their moisture transport was mainly steered by a strong low-tropospheric southeasterly wind northeast of atransversal trough. Air particles mainly passed over the South China Sea for this type of REPEs.