我国航空公司重组及其对航空网络结构的影响

航空公司重组是我国民航业放松管制过程中最关键的环节之一，这一重大的重组对我国民航业的发展和航空网络的结构产生了深远的影响。本文在解析了这次民航重组的过程及其背后政策内涵的基础上，主要从网络连通性、枢纽结构和空间服务范围等三个方面研究航空公司重组对航空网络结构的影响。研究结果表明，重组后决定航空网络的主体和方式发生了根本性的变革，从民航局的行政管理逐步转变为航空公司的市场化选择；重组不但拓展了主要航空公司的地理覆盖范围，而且也提升了其整体的空间服务水平；三大航空集团的网络从单一枢纽为主向多枢纽转变，轴辐式结构更加明晰；以重组为开端的放松管制政策优化了航空公司的资源配置，提高了主要航空公司的市场竞争能力，为进一步开放我国民航业，参与国际竞争奠定了良好的基础。

China′s Airline Reorganization and Its Effect on Network Structure

The tide of the deregulation is sweeping across the world. China is also taking substantial, albeit still cautious, measures to deregulate its airline industry. The airline reorganization in 2002 was one of the notable events during the course. It has far-reaching impacts on China’s airline industry and aviation network structure. Based on analysis of reorganization process and policy implications, this paper examines the effect on network structure caused by the reorganization from the perspective of connectivity, hub structure and geographic coverage. The study shows that the subjects and methods of decision-making on aviation network have greatly changed after reorganization, from the official administration of Civil Aviation Authority of China to the business management of airlines. The reorganization not only extended the geographical coverage of major airlines, but also improved their aggregate network connectivity. The networks of the “Big Three” are now shifting from single hub to multi-hubs and the adoption of hub-and-spoke structure becomes more obvious. The reorganization has optimized the resources of airlines and improved their competitiveness. Further deregulation will benefit the aviation industry as a whole.