On the adjustment of combined GPS/levelling/geoid networks |
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Authors: | C Kotsakis M G Sideris |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 e-mail: ckotsaki@ucalgary.ca; Tel.: +1 403 2204113; Fax: +1 403 2841980, CA |
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Abstract: | A detailed treatment of adjustment problems in combined global positioning system (GPS)/levelling/geoid networks is given.
The two main types of `unknowns' in this kind of multi-data 1D networks are usually the gravimetric geoid accuracy and a 2D
spatial field that describes all the datum/systematic distortions among the available height data sets. An accurate knowledge
of the latter becomes especially important when we consider employing GPS techniques for levelling purposes with respect to
a local vertical datum. Two modelling alternatives for the correction field are presented, namely a pure deterministic parametric
model, and a hybrid deterministic and stochastic model. The concept of variance component estimation is also proposed as an
important statistical tool for assessing the actual gravimetric geoid noise level and/or testing a priori determined geoid
error models. Finally, conclusions are drawn and recommendations for further study are suggested.
Received: 9 September 1998 / Accepted: 8 June 1999 |
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Keywords: | , Geoid evaluation,GPS height transformation,Multi-data 1D networks,Adjustment |
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