岩溶含水系统降水入渗补给研究进展

岩溶含水系统中赋存着丰富的优质地下水,而大气降水是浅部可供开采的岩溶地下水的最主要补给来源。受岩溶含水系统各向异性、不均一性和直接观测难度大等因素的影响,降水入渗补给量的计算是一个非常复杂的过程。确定岩溶含水系统的汇水范围是降水入渗补给计算的首要问题,示踪法与经验公式法被证明是最有效的两种方法。降水入渗补给量的计算方法主要包括水文过程线法分析法、氧同位素法、氯质量平衡法、基于GIS的多变量综合分析法和模型法。本文对目前岩溶含水系统降水入渗补给计算方法的关键点和适用条件进行了总结和对比,同时指出大气降水物理化学性质的时空特征以及水-岩反应可以作为未来研究岩溶含水系统降水补给的研究方向之一。

Progress in Study on Precipitation Infiltration Recharge of Karstic Groundwater System

Abundant of high quality groundwater is stored in karstic groundwater system, and precipitation is a major recharge source of shallow karstic groundwater system that has an important?significance?of water supply. Calculation of precipitation recharge is quite a complex process due to its anisotropy, heterogeneity and difficulty in monitoring directly. Identifying water catchment area of a karstic groundwater system is the primary work before calculation of precipitation recharge, which could be effectively calculated by tracer method and empirical formula method. The major methods for precipitation recharge calculating are hydrograph analysis method, oxygen isotope method, chloride mass balance method, multi-variables comprehensive analysis method based on geographic information system (GIS) and modeling method. Critical points and applicable conditions on different methods were compared. In order to calculated recharge of Karstic groundwater system accurately, spatial-temporal features of physical and chemical properties of precipitation and water-rock interaction could be determined as one of future research directions.