沙漠化逆转过程的耗散理论应用

用耗散结构理论探讨了沙漠化逆转过程的时间序列和空间结构,论述了沙漠化逆转过程中的“涨落”现象、耗散结构的形成及非平衡相变的发生。指出属于开放系统的沙漠化逆转过程表现为时间序列的有序和空间结构的无序,是多重耗散结构下的从无序到有序的过程,并在特定的条件下具有自我调控的组织能力。熵增代表着沙漠化过程,负熵增代表着沙漠化逆转过程。这对研究沙漠化过程的平衡稳定有序与非平衡稳定有序的关系,恶化与逆转、单因素与综合、部分与整体的关系提供了新的理论武器,并认为耗散结构理论的思想有助于建立一门有关“过程”的沙漠生态学,以丰富沙漠化研究的理论意义。

Application of Theory of Dissipative Structure in Reversion Process of Desertification

By applying the theory of dissipative structure, this paper researches the temporal series and the spatial structure of the reversion process of desertification, and discusses the fluctuations, formation of the dissipative structure, and unbalanced phase change in the reversion process of desertification. It is pointed out that, as an open system, the reversion process of desertification has an orderliness in temporal series, but an un-orderliness in spatial structure, which is a process from the un-orderliness to the orderliness under the multi-dissipative structure, and has a self-regulation capability under the special conditions. Therefore, in this tridimensional, dynamical and open system jointly composed of the natural environment, living things and humanity, there is not only the entropic increase mechanism of the second law in thermodynamics, but also the inherent negative entropic increase mechanism in biology, the entropic increase represents the desertification process, and the negative entropic increase represents a reversion process of desertification. These provide a new theory for researching the relationships between the balanced stability and orderliness and the unbalanced stability and orderliness, deterioration and reversion, effect of single factor and joint effect of multiple factors, and parts and whole. Moreover it is considered that the conception of the theory of dissipative structure contributes to developing desert ecology related to the "process" so as to enrich the theoretical significance of desertification research.