Climate instability and tipping points in the Late Devonian: Detection of the Hangenberg Event in an open oceanic island arc in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, United States;2. Department of Geological Sciences, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3315, United States;3. Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Institute for Earth Sciences (Geology & Paleontology), Heinrichstrasse 26, A-8010 Graz, Austria;4. Institute of Geology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Rozvojova 269, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic;1. Department of Geological Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;2. Department of Geology, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;3. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic;4. Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3/131, 118 21 Prague 1, Czech Republic;5. Department of Environmental Geosciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic;1. Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Geobiology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;3. Department of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan ROC;4. Faculty of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;5. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;6. Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013, USA;1. Western Australian Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;2. Centre for Exploration Targeting and Western Australian Biogeochemistry Centre, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;3. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Department of Mines and Petroleum, 100 Plain Street, East Perth, WA 600, Australia;4. Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405-1405, USA;5. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, MIT, E25-633, 45 Carleton Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;6. Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;7. School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;8. Geochemistry & Isotope Geochemistry Group, Marine Geology Department, Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Seestrasse 15, D-18119 Warnemünde, Germany;9. Chevron Energy Technology Company, Carbonate Stratigraphy Research & Development, 1500 Louisiana Street, Houston, TX 77002, USA;10. Institute of Geoscience, Kiel University, Ludewig-Meyn Str. 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany;1. Department of Geology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA;2. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;3. Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;1. Department of Geology, Palacký University, Tř. Svobody 26, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic;2. Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic;3. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Rez c.p. 1001, 25068 Rez, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | Sedimentary petrology and trace element geochemistry indicate that the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous Heishantou Formation near Boulongour Reservoir (NW Xinjiang, China) was deposited on a steep slope, mid-latitude accreting island arc complex in an open oceanic system. Bulk 87Sr/86Sr ratios show excursion patterns that are consistent with excursions at the Devonian–Carboniferous (D–C) boundary in epicontinental margin sediments. Sedimentation rates for the Boulongour Reservoir sediments show highly variable rates that range from 0.5 cm/ky to 10 cm/ky, consistent with other Late Devonian sections and modern arc environments. Multiple whole rock geochemical proxies for anoxia and the size and distribution of pyrite framboids suggest the presence of the Hangenberg Event in the sediments associated with the D–C boundary, despite the lack of visible black shale. The presence of anoxia in an open ocean, island arc environment cannot be explained by upwelling of anoxic bottom waters at this paleolatitude, but can be explained by the global infliction of oceanic shallow water eutrophication on to a climate system in distress. |
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