除草剂对海草的影响研究进展

随着除草剂在农业生产中的大量使用, 近岸海域中除草剂被频繁检出。除草剂的残留会对海草床生态系统的结构与功能产生潜在的威胁。本文回顾了近40年来除草剂对海草胁迫的相关研究工作, 总结发现:(1)光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)型除草剂在全球海草床中被频繁检出, 是研究最多的除草剂种类。(2)不同种类海草对不同类型除草剂耐受程度不同, 多种除草剂混合物可能会对海草表现出协同、加性或拮抗效应。(3)除草剂会与其他因素如高温、光照、重金属等共同对海草产生胁迫作用。(4)叶绿素荧光技术结合现代组学技术可以更加灵敏、全面地阐释除草剂对海草的胁迫机理。最后对未来的研究方向提出了展望, 包括开展对重点海草床中除草剂残留的长期监测, 加强对新型除草剂、海草的不同生活史阶段以及多因素联合胁迫作用的研究。本文有助于全面了解海草与除草剂胁迫之间的关系, 为将来开展更深入的研究工作提供参考。

A review of the effects of herbicides on seagrass

Herbicides are frequently detected in coastal waters due to extensive use in agricultural production. Herbicide residues can threaten the structure and function of seagrass bed ecosystems. This paper reviews the researches done on seagrass stress induced by herbicides in the last 40 years. The four mainfindings are as follws. (1) Photosystem II (PSII) herbicides are frequently detected in seagrass beds around the world and are the most studied herbicides. (2) Different kinds of seagrass have different tolerance to different herbicides, and herbicide mixtures may show synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects on seagrass. (3) Herbicides with other factors, such as high temperature, light, or heavy metals, may stress seagrass. (4) Chlorophyll fluorescence technology combined with modern omics technology can more sensitively and comprehensively explain the stress mechanism of herbicides on seagrass. Finally, directions for future research were proposed, including long-term monitoring of herbicide residues in key seagrass beds, strengthening research on new herbicides, different life cycle stages of seagrass, and the combined effects of multiple factors on seagrass. This paper is helpful in fully understanding the relationship between seagrass and herbicide stress and providing a reference for further research in the future.