地理环境在经济和社会发展中的作用的再认识──关于对“地理环境决定论”批判的反思的反思

地理环境与经济和社会发展的关系是地理学研究的重要内容。虽然1972年斯德哥尔摩联合国人类环境会议发表的“人类环境宣言”和1992年的“里约环境与发展宣言”大大地增强了人们的环境意识,但是,在我国,关于地理环境对经济和社会的发展所起的作用的认识仍然很不够,这是由于在本世纪中期对“地理环境决定论”的批判还没有得到很好地反省。关于地理环境对经济和社会发展所起作用的认识不够主要表现如下诸方面。在理论上,许多研究者在这个问题上的观点彼此差异甚大,某些研究者甚至发表自相矛质的和混乱的见解,地理环境在社会发展中究竟是起决定作用,还是在一定条件下起决定作用,或者是起影响作用,直到目前仍未得到一致认识。而在国民经济建设的实践中,忽视地理环境的作用仍然很普遍。因此,地理环境与经济和社会发展的关系问题,无论在理论上和在国民经济建设以及社会发展的实践中都有必要进一步予以探讨。

A NEW RECOGNITION OF THE ROLE OF GEKOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMY AND SOCIETY

The relation between geographical environment and the development of economy and society is an important content of the reresearches of geography.Although"the declaration of human environment"published by the conference of U.N.human environment at Stockholm in1972 and "the declaration of environment and development"published by U.N.conference of environment and development at Rio de Janeiro in 1992 greatly strengthened the environmental consciousness,in China the understanding of the impact of the environment on the development of economy and society is still insufficient because the criticism to "the decisive role of the environment of physical geography on the development of society"in the middle of this century has not been introspected.And at present the insufficiency of the understanding of the role of the environment in the development of economy and society can be found in following aspects.In terms of theory, the opinions of researchers are very different, Some researchers expressed confused and self－contradictory opinions.In the practices of national economy, ignoring the role of the environment of physical geography is common.So the relation between the environment and the development of economy and society should be probed in terms of theory and in the practices of developing national economy and society.