中国城市土地利用效率评价

城市土地利用效率状况直接影响城市的社会经济发展和人居环境建设。基于数据包络法对全国655 个城市土地投入产出效率和规模效率进行了分析,结果发现：① 目前中国城市土地投入产出效率普遍较低,呈现出东部地区高、中西部低的空间分布格局;存在规模等级递增效应,但小城市表现出明显的特殊性。② 影响中国城市土地投入产出效率较低的因素较多,其中,第二、三产业从业人员投入过多尤为突出,固定资产投资和建设用地也存在一定冗余,环境产出效益相对不足。③ 中国大部分城市土地规模效率处于递增状态;城市土地规模效率空间分布亦呈现出东部地区高、中西部低的格局,且存在规模等级递减效应。对不同空间尺度和不同规模等级城市土地利用效率评价及其影响因子分析,对各级政府制定城市发展政策具有重要的现实意义。

Assessment of Urban Land Use Efficiency in China

Urban land use efficiency has direct influence on socio-economic development and construction of residential conditions in cities. Based on data envelopment analysis of the input-output and scalable efficiency of land use in 658 cities across China, some results are obtained as follows. First, the input-output efficiency of urban land use in China is low by large and ascends by the level of city scales, high in Eastern China and low in Central and Western China. The input-output efficiency of urban land use, however, is abnormally high in small cities. Second, there are a variety of factors contributing to low input-output efficiency of urban land use in China, ranging from redundant personnel investment in the secondary and tertiary industries, excessive fixed asset investment and construction land, to deficiency of environmental output which are more dramatic in different big cities by tiers. Third, the scale efficiency of land use in most of the cities in China is rising. The scale efficiency of urban land use is high in Eastern China and low in Central and Western China, descending by the level of city scales. It is of great significance to evaluate and analyze the factors contributing to different land use efficiency nationwide, three large regions and different tier cities, which will provide realistic ground for governments at all levels to stipulate urban development policies.