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An overview of Calanus helgolandicus ecology in European waters |
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| Authors: | Delphine Bonnet Anthony Richardson Andrew Hirst Martin Edwards Rabea Diekman Luis Valdes Juan Carlos Molinero Wulf Greve Aitor Albaina Serena Fonda Umani Antonina dos Santos Susan Robinson |
| Institution: | a Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK b Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK c British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, CB3 0ET Cambridge, UK d CNRS UMR 80 13 ELICO, Station Marine, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1, 28 Avenue Foch, BP 80, 62930 Wimereux, France e Universidad de Oviedo, Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Catedrático Rodrigo Uría, CP-33071 Oviedo, Spain f Institut für Meereskunde (IfM-GEOMAR), Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, FB3, Dienstgebäude Westufer, Duesternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany g Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Avda. Príncipe de Asturias 70 bis, 33213 Gijón, Spain h Laboratoire d’Océanographie et de biogéochimie, Unité de recherche 6535 CNRS, Station marine d’Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France i Institut für Hydrobiologie und Fischereiwissenschaft, Universität Hamburg, Zeiseweg 9, 22765 Hamburg, Germany j German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (Research Institute Senckenberg), DESY Geb. 3 Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany k Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Laboratory of Plankton Ecology, Kneza D. Jude 12, PO Box 83, 20001 Dubrovnik, Croatia l AZTI, Herrera Kaia Portualdea, Z/G, 20110 Gipuzkoa, Spain m Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of 7 November, Carthage 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia n Laboratorio de Biologia marina, V. Auguste Piccard, 54 Santa Croce, 34010 Trieste, Italy o Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, PO Box 1552, 36280 Vigo, Spain p Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Pescas, IPIMAR, Av. De Brasília, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal q FRS Marine Laboratory, PO Box 101, Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK r Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, PO Box 291, 07080 Palma de Mallorca, Spain |
| Abstract: | We review current knowledge and understanding of the biology and ecology of the calanoid copepod Calanus helgolandicus in European waters, as well as provide a collaborative synthesis of data from 18 laboratories and 26 sampling stations in areas distributed from the northern North Sea to the Aegean and Levantine Seas. This network of zooplankton time-series stations has enabled us to collect and synthesise seasonal and multi-annual data on abundance, body size, fecundity, hatching success and vertical distribution of C. helgolandicus. An aim was to enable comparison with its congener Calanus finmarchicus, which has been studied intensively as a key component of European and north east Atlantic marine ecosystems. C. finmarchicus is known to over-winter at depth, whereas the life-cycle of C. helgolandicus is less well understood. Overwintering populations of C. helgolandicus have been observed off the Atlantic coast between 400 and 800 m, while in the Mediterranean there is evidence of significant deep-water populations at depths as great as 4200 m. The biogeographical distribution of C. helgolandicus in European coastal waters covers a wide range of habitats, from open ocean to coastal environments, and its contribution to mesozooplankton biomass ranges from 6% to 93%. Highest abundances were recorded in the Adriatic and off the west coast of Spain. C. helgolandicus is generally found in 9-20 °C water, with maximum abundances from 13-17 °C. In contrast, C. finmarchicus is found in cooler water between 0 and 15 °C, with peak abundances from 0 to 9 °C. As water has warmed in the North Atlantic over recent decades, the range of C. helgolandicus and its abundance on the fringes of its expanding range have increased. This review will facilitate development of population models of C. helgolandicus. This will not only help answer remaining questions but will improve our ability to forecast future changes, in response to a warming climate, in the abundance and distribution of this important species. |
| Keywords: | Calanus helgolandicus Europe Time-series Phenology Copepod Distribution Abundance |
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