基于尾流模型的风场偏航控制优化研究

在风机大尺度化与风场大型化的趋势下，如何通过合适的控制策略以降低尾流损失成为关键问题。以包括30台NREL-5MW风机并采用5行6列平行四边形布置方式的小型风场为研究对象，基于显示尾流模型，以各风机偏航角度为优化参数，风场总功率为目标函数，使用粒子群优化算法对比分析了偏航控制对不同风速、风向、湍流强度下的风场性能提升效果。结果表明，偏航控制优化可在风向与风机行或列方向平行时发挥明显效果，当风机行列间距为4倍风轮直径且湍流强度为5%时，在不同风速下偏航控制可分别将风场总体发电量提升15%~20%，但对于布置间距大于7倍风轮直径或湍流强度高于15%时的风场，其作用十分有限，总体发电量提升在5%以内。

Study of wind farm optimization through yaw control based on analytical wake model

As the scales of both wind turbine and wind farm keep enlarging, how to reduce the wind turbine wake loss effect becomes a key problem. Based on analytical wake model, we choose a small wind farm that contains 30 NREL-5MW wind turbines arranged in parallelogram as research object and introduce the particle swarm algorithm to estimate and compare the yaw-control optimization results under different wind regimes. The results show that yaw control can remarkably improve the performance of a wind farm when the wind is parallel to the row or the column direction. With a 4-rotor-diameter streamwise spacing and inflow turbulent intensity of 5%, yaw control increases the total power output by 15%~20% under different wind speeds. However, when the turbulence intensity is higher than 15% or the streamwise spacing reaches 7 rotor diameters, the effect of yaw control is quite limited, with the total power output increase being less than 5%.