波浪作用下中上层浮鱼礁动力响应数值模型建立方法

人工浮鱼礁型式多样，适应水深范围广，优化锚泊方式可规模化建设浮鱼礁群，是海洋中上层生境构建的重要手段。中上层浮鱼礁投放于近海，属于海岸工程范畴，抗浪性能是其结构设计的关键。根据有限单元法和集中质量点法，详细阐述和推导了中上层浮鱼礁各构成组件连接位置处点或单元的相互耦合受力和运动处理方法，以及浮鱼礁出水条件的判别方法和水质点速度、加速度的修正方法。建立的波浪作用下三维浮鱼礁动力响应数值模型与其在波浪水槽中的物理模型试验对比，验证了数值模型的正确性。最后建立了一种新型锚泊方式的浮鱼礁动力响应数值模型，分析了浮鱼礁摆动角度、锚绳拉力、网衣系缚点总拉力的历时变化。研究结果可为中上层浮鱼礁优化结构形状和搭配浮体、配重提供判断依据。

The establishment method of dynamic response numerical model for midwater and surface fish attractors in waves

The midwater and surface fish attractor is an important means for marine upper-middle-layer habitat construction. It is because that types of midwater and surface fish attractors are diverse and fish attractors can adapt to a wide range of water depth. The most important thing is that it can build floating reef groups on a large scale with appropriate mooring manners. The midwater and surface fish attractor is usually placed in offshore, so it belongs to coastal engineering, and the wave resistance is the key to its structural design. In this paper, the coupling forces and motion processing of the points or units at the connection positions of the components of the middle and upper floating attractor are elaborated and deduced in detail by using finite element method and concentrated mass point method. A method for judging the water outlet condition of the floating attractor is also given, at the same time, the velocity and acceleration of water quality points are corrected. By comparing and analyzing the results of physical experiment and numerical simulation, the correctness of the numerical model is verified. Finally, a dynamic response numerical model for a new type of anchorage is established, and the diachronic variation of the swinging angle of the floating attractor, the tension of the anchor rope and the total tension of the fixed points of the net are analyzed.