风沙活动对陆地生态系统影响研究进展

风沙活动及其物质输移运动是关键的陆地地表过程,对全球生态环境有显著的影响。归纳了风沙运动中养分的释放、搬运和沉降机制;总结了目前风沙运动中的物质及养分组成,养分流失与沉降对植物生长的影响、养分在植被群落中的分配和利用机理等方面的研究进展;揭示了大区域尺度上风沙运动与地表养分的释放和输移的关系及植被群落对风沙活动的响应;指出了风沙活动在陆地生态系统演化中扮演的角色。在已有研究的基础上,提出揭示风尘物质在远源陆地区域的沉降机制、风尘物质中有效养分的组成和含量、风尘物质养分的主要传输路径,建立风尘物质养分的源—汇模式,构建植被对风沙活动的响应过程,综合集成风沙活动与植被演化之间的动态关系等是未来主要研究方向的建议。

Aeolian Processes and Their Effects on Terrestrial Ecosystem: An Overview

Aeolian processes and the related material transports are the key land surface process, which play a major role in the ecologicial environments. This paper generialized the mechanisms of nutrient emission, transport, and deposition of the blown wind materials in arid and semiarid regions. Based on the results of enormous previous studies, the componets of the nutrients and materials, the source-sink models of the aeolian transports, the influence of nutrient loss and depositions on vegetation growth, reallocations and utilizations of the nutrients within wind blown materials on phytocommunity development, the responses of phytocommunity development to the aeolian transports in arid and semiarid regions were discussed. Finally, based on the current results of studies our colleagues acquired, pointed out that the researches in the near future may reveral the deposition mechanisms of aeolian materials in different terrestrial ecologicial systems, appraise the composition and effect contents of the nutrients, highlight the dominant transporting routes of the aeolian nutrients, found the source-sink models of the nutrients, analyze the responses between the aeolian activity and vegetation formation, and by adopting the integrated qualitative and quantitative methodologies understand the dynamic relationships between the aeolian activity and vegetation evolution. The related studies may further improve the understanding of the roles of the aeolian transport on terrestrial ecosystem evolution, thereby providing new evidence for the theories of arid geomorphology and providing academic supports for local ecological remediation of arid and semiarid regions.