中国农业气象模式(CAMM1.0)构建与应用

为发展适宜中国区域农业种植特点的农业气象模式，基于国外作物生长模拟方法，通过模式机理过程改进或重构以及应用方式革新，建立了中国农业气象模式（Chinese AgroMeteorological Model version 1.0，CAMM1.0）。CAMM1.0利用平均温度和土壤水分改进了作物发育进程模式，利用土壤水分改进了作物叶片光合作用、干物质分配和叶面积扩展过程模式，通过蒸发比法扩展了作物蒸散过程模式；自主建立了基于发育进程的冬小麦株高、基于遥感信息的作物灌溉、遥感数据同化、作物长势与灾害评价等模式。基于互联网技术构造了实时运转平台，主要功能包括作物生长过程实时常规模拟与用户个性化定制模拟。CAMM1.0的部分子模式采用多种方法构造，便于多模式集成。CAMM1.0对作物发育进程、光合过程、株高的模拟效果较好，但对土壤水分变化过程的拟合略差，模拟产量略偏低。CAMM1.0评价淮河流域夏玉米年际干旱减弱而涝渍增加的趋势与实际基本相符。

The Construction and Application of Chinese AgroMeteorological Model(CAMM1.0)

In order to develop an agrometeorological model suitable for regional agricultural planting in China, China AgroMeteorological Model version 1.0(CAMM1.0) is established by improving and reconstructing the process and innovative application of existing oversea simulation methods.
CAMM1.0 makes several improvements in process of agrometeorological model. It improves crop development process model by using average temperature intensity and soil moisture, improves crop leaf photosynthesis, dry matter distribution and leaf area expansion process model by using soil moisture, expands crop evapotranspiration process model by evaporation ratio method, establishes winter wheat plant height model based on development process. Based on the remote sensing information, the crop irrigation model, data assimilation model, crop growth and assessment model are also constructed. Main functions of CAMM1.0 include real-time crop growth simulation and customized user simulation. The former outputs real-time crop growth state variables, environmental variables and growth evaluation day by day. And the latter can produce customized products. CAMM1.0 can simulate the crop development, photosynthesis and plant height very well. However, the simulation is slightly weak on the process of soil moisture change, and the simulated yield is also slightly low. The assessed trend of summer maize in drought decreasing and waterlogging increasing by CAMM1.0 in Huaihe River Basin is consistent with the observation. Improving the key mechanism of crop growth enhances the response of CAMM1.0 to the environment. The construction of characteristic regional model improves its ability to simulate the growth process of Chinese crops, and realizes the regionalization of the model. The customized operation platform via the Internet is convenient for the agrometeorological application.
CAMM1.0 constructs an online real-time operation platform to make the application and extension of the model and further development of the core module more convenient. Some of its sub-modules are constructed by multiple methods, which is more convenient for multi-model integration. The plugin method makes it easy for the model applicating, developing and updating. However, the mechanism of CAMM1.0 is still far from perfect, and the next step is to work on the response of agricultural production to climate change and various meteorological disasters. CAMM1.0 is expected to improve the theoretical level of agrometeorological simulation in China and provide technical solutions for related operational services.