影响夏季西北太平洋副热带高压年际变率的关键海区及影响机制

西北太平洋副热带高压(西太副高)是影响东亚夏季气候的主要环流系统,其年际变率受热带多个海区的海-气相互作用过程的调控。为明确影响夏季西太副高的关键海区及其影响机制,在总结最近十余年来相关研究进展的基础上,归纳出影响夏季西太副高年际变率的5个关键海区,包括赤道中东太平洋、热带印度洋、副热带西北太平洋、海洋大陆附近海区以及热带大西洋。阐述了这5个关键海区的海温异常影响西太副高年际变率的机制,并探讨了5个关键海区海温异常的形成机制。围绕夏季西太副高的年际变率,回顾了当前气候模式的模拟和预测研究的现状。最后,提出了本领域亟待解决的关键科学问题,展望未来可能的研究热点。

The key oceanic regions responsible for the interannual variability of the western North Pacific subtropical high and their impacting mechanisms

The western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) is an important circulation system which impacts the East Asian summer climate. The interannual variability of WNPSH is modulated by tropical air-sea interaction. In order to make it clear which oceanic regions are crucial to the interannual variability of the WNPSH, the relevant research progresses in the past decades are reviewed. Based on the review, five oceanic regions are ascertained to be responsible for the interannual variability of the WNPSH in summer, including the equatorial central-eastern Pacific Ocean, tropical Indian Ocean, the subtropical western North Pacific, the vicinity of the maritime continent and the tropical Atlantic Ocean. The mechanisms how the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (SSTA) in these regions impact the WNPSH are elaborated. The formation mechanisms for the SSTAs in these five regions are discussed. Strengths and weaknesses of the climate models in simulating and predicting the WNPSH are also examined and documented. Finally, the key scientific problems reserving further study are proposed.