浙江夏季高温特征及住宅降温耗电初探

运用REOF、小波分析、相关分析等方法，对浙江省夏季高温特征进行了详细的分析，并计算了夏季各地每平方米住宅空调耗电量。重点分析了浙江高温的变化特征和地域分布特征，指出近50年来，浙江夏季高温积温总体趋势变化不明显，但区域变化特征有所差异，浙东南区呈明显的上升趋势，浙北区与浙西南区则有不同程度的下降，至20世纪80年代后，3个高温分区的最高气温、高温日数差异明显缩小。分析了50多年来浙江发生的酷暑事件与凉夏事件。随着人民生活水平的提高，浙江夏季用于居民住宅的空调耗电量不容小觑；酷暑年与凉夏年相比，全省住宅降温耗电平均多7成左右。

Characteristics of Summer High Temperature in Zhejiang and Electricity Consumption of Air Conditioners

By means of REOF, wavelet analysis and correlation analysis, the characteristics of summer high temperature were analyzed and the air-conditioner electricity consumption per square meter in dwelling hottses was calculated. Emphases were put on the temporal and spatial characteristics of high temperature. The results show that in the past 50 years there was no obvious change in accumulated high temperature generally, but there were some differences in different areas. The accumulated high temperature rose apparently in the southeastern Zhejiang and dropped somewhat in the northem and southwestern parts. After the 1980s, the differences of maximum temperature and the number of high temperature days between three high-temperature zones decreased apparently. Also the occurrences of extreme heat or cool events in summer in the past 50 years were analyzed. It is pointed out that air-conditioner electricity consumption in summer in Zhejiang was extraordinary and the air-conditioner electricity consumption in a hot summer was about 70 percent more than that in a cool summer on average.