旅游业空间经济效应的特征与变化——以湖南省地市为例

运用变异系数、基尼系数及多变量Moran’s I等分析方法，从规模相对差异、空间分布集中度与空间关联性等方面分析了2001―2010年湖南省地市旅游业内部差异与外部关联性的空间经济效应。论证了旅游业区域差异的不断缩小并不表明其必然具有缩小区域经济差异的作用。即在区域经济差异扩大时，湖南省旅游业规模相对差异的逐渐缩小只表明了其扩大区域经济规模相对差异的效应在不断减弱；而空间分布集中度的持续降低则表明其由起初的扩大效应不断减弱逐渐转变为缩小效应的不断增强。在外部关联性的空间经济效应上，总体上旅游业的外部空间关联性并未起到扩大区域经济差异的显著效应；但在局部上旅游业空间关联效应的增强却强化了已形成的经济差异格局，具有扩大区域经济局部差异的作用态势。

Features and Evolution of Spatial Economic Effects of Regional Tourism in Hunan Province, China

By using the method of variation coefficient, Gini coefficient and multivariate Moran’s I, this paper reveals the features and evolution of spatial economic effects of intra－regional disparity and extra－spatial correlation of tourism in Hunan province from 2001 to 2010. It is demonstrated that shrinking regional disparity of tourism does not necessarily imply that tourism development will narrow the gap of regional economic development. The results suggest that the regional difference of tourism is reduced continuously in the province, that only indicates that the effects to enlarge the regional economic difference are weakening. But the concentrative degree of tourism spatial distribution is decreasing, indicating that the influences of tourism development on adjusting spatial concentration of regional economy are changing from the effects of enlarging the economic gap to the ones of narrowing the gap, and the effects of enlarging the gap are weakened continuously, while the ones of narrowing the gap increasing. On the other hand, as a whole, extra－spatial correlation of tourism does not significantly enlarge the regional development disparity, but the increasing local spatial correlation of tourism enlarges the disparity of local regional development because of strengthening the formed pattern of regional economic disparity.