A Concise History of Dutch River Floods |
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Authors: | Richard S. J. Tol Andreas Langen |
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Affiliation: | (1) Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1115, 1081 IIV Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Based on a brief account of 1,000 years of river floods and flood management in the Dutch Rhine delta, it is argued that vulnerability to river floods depends on the complex interaction of economics, institutions, politics and, to a limited extent, climate. Response functions and thresholds for climate change impacts should take this complexity into account rather than assuming society to be constant or evolving in a straightforward manner. |
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