转型时期广州居民职住流动及其空间结构变化——基于3个年份的调查分析

中国城市处于由国家/集体分配体制为基础的计划经济向以市场调控为基础的市场经济转型的特殊时期,城市居民职住空间大规模重构。本文基于2001年、2005年和2010年家庭调查问卷,分析城市居民职住流动及其空间变化,总结城市居民职住流动对广州市社会空间重构的影响。改革开放以来广州市城市居民职住流动率大规模增加,且圈层差异明显,越往外围,职住流动率越高。城市居民的职住就近流动的特征明显,偏好于工作地附近就近选择居住地或在居住地附近就近选择工作地。地方政府应通过城市规划、就业制度改革和住房制度改革等手段来加强宏观调控,合理引导不同社会群体的职住区位选择,以减少居住空间分异和职住空间的过度分离。

Employment and residential mobility and its spatial structure change based on the 3 years survey analysis

Chinese cities have been experiencing the special transitional period from the planned economy based on national/collective economy to market economy based on market regulation with the large-scale restructuring of urban residents’ employment-residence spatial structure.Based on the household social surveys of 2001,2005 and 2010,residential and employment mobility and their spatial changes were discussed and impact of employment and residential mobility on urban social spatial restructuring was summarized in this paper.Since the implementation of reform and opening up policies,the rate of urban residents’ employment and residential mobility has been increasing fast and led to large-scale social spatial restructuring.There are great regional differences for the rate of residential and employment mobility with the characteristics that the residents in suburbs have a higher rate of mobility,while the residents in inner core have a lower rate of mobility.It is apparent that urban residents prefer to choose the residential or employment location near the former residential or employment location during the process of residential or employment location mobility.Local governments should provide guidance to the choice of residential and employment location to reduce the extent of residential spatial differentiation and spatial excessive separation of employment-residence through adopting the means of urban planning,the employment system reform and housing system reform and other means to strengthen macro-control.