基于EEA方法的中国水泥制造业能耗的空间差异

基于对中国23个省区的水泥生产线的实地调研数据以及2012年水泥制造业的行业数据和相关社会经济数据,运用EEA方法计算了各省区水泥制造业的能耗,并对中国水泥制造业能耗的的空间格局进行描述和分析。研究发现：① 中国水泥制造业能耗总量较多分布在以安徽、山东为核心的东部地带和以四川为核心的西部地带,其中能源?耗强化了东部核心,而外部性?耗不同程度地突出了中西部省份的社会隐性成本;② 中国水泥制造业的能效呈现出从西部向东部递增的特点,尤其体现在能源利用效率、劳动力效率和资金利用效率三部分,而环境效率强凸显了西藏、新疆、内蒙古、山西的环境成本;③ 在能耗总量和能耗强度共同作用下,对23个省区进行分类,依据其能耗特征可分为8类;④ 较高的行业集中度是水泥制造业能效提高的主要驱动力。

Distribution of exergy use of cement manufacturing industry in China based on the extended exergy accounting method

Factory data from 23 Chinese provinces, combined with Chinese cement manufacturing industry data and socioeconomic data from 2012, was used to analyze the spatial distribution of exergy use for China's cement manufacturing industry using the Extended Exergy Accounting method. This method allows for the inclusion of energy and raw material supply and other external factors (capital, labor and environment) in a comprehensive resource cost assessment. We quantitatively calculated the extended exergy consumption and its intensity at the provincial level and evaluated the agglomeration level of exergy use at the regional level. Based on this analysis, a distribution in size and efficiency of exergy use at the provincial level was determined, and regional characteristics were revealed. The results are as follows. (1) The gross distribution of exergy use in China's cement manufacturing industry is focused on the eastern region, which centers on Anhui and Shandong, and on the western region with Sichuan as a core. For exergy use, energy costs related to coal and electricity are highest for the center of the eastern region, whereas the costs of capital, labor and external environmental factors highlight the invisible social cost in the central and western regions to various degrees. (2) The efficiency distribution of exergy use in China's cement manufacturing industry reveals an incremental character from west to east, especially for the energy, labor and capital efficiencies. An evaluation of the environmental efficiency indicates that Tibet, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Shanxi have much higher environmental costs. (3) By building up the Euclidean distance model using the gross and efficiency results of exergy use, the 23 provinces could be classified into eight groups. (4) High industry concentration is the main driving factor of exergy efficiency improvement for cement manufacturing industry.