陕北能源化工基地采煤对地下水资源的影响及对策

陕北能源化工基地侏罗纪煤田是中国煤炭工业战略西移的首选基地,采煤引起的地下水资源及生态环境响应的研究是一个不可逾越的课题。从分析水文地质工程地质条件入手,将煤田区划分为7个水文地质结构类型和5个含水系统,按照排泄基准面进一步将含水系统划分若干地下水流子系统。在经验公式和数值法预测结果的基础上,综合考虑研究区实际,提出了本区能够保障生态、水资源和采煤安全的冒裂带高度为240 m,三带安全高度为300 m,并据此将煤采区划分为非导水区、无水导水区、贫水导水区和富水导水区。从水资源的角度提出了保水采煤、煤水共采和含水层再造的煤炭资源开发近期和中远期对策。

The strategy and influence of coal mining on the groundwater resources at the energy and chemical base in the north of Shaanxi

The Jurassic coalfield at the energy and chemical base in the north of Shaanxi is the first choice for the westward transfer of Chinese coal industry,and,as a result,the influence of coal mining on the groundwater resources and the ecological environment must be studied.Based on the hydrology and engineering geological condition,we classified the hydro-geological structure into seven types and the aquifer into five systems in the coalfield.The five aquifer systems can be further classified into several sub-systems according to the excretion datum.Considering the real condition of the study area,the height of the caving and fractured zone and the safety height of the three zones were determined at 240 m and 300 m respectively with empirical formula and numerical method.The ecology,water resources and the coal mining are safe at these two heights in the study area.According to the studied results,the coalfield was finally classified into the hydraulic non-conductive district,and the hydraulic conductive district with no water,with a little water and with fluent water.The present and future strategies for coal mining were proposed from the view of water resources: coal mining with groundwater reserved,with both coal and groundwater exploitation and with recreation of aquifers.