新疆阿勒泰地区夏季短时强降水时空分布特征

利用2010—2018年夏季阿勒泰地区112个自动气象站逐时降水资料，采用常规统计方法分析了阿勒泰地区夏季短时强降水时空分布特征。结果表明，2010—2018年夏季阿勒泰地区短时强降水的空间分布极不均匀，主要发生在阿尔泰山和沙吾尔山迎风坡、地形陡升区、喇叭口地形、戈壁和乌伦古湖交界区等复杂地形附近；发生次数年际变化大，2017年出现最多达95次，2010年出现最少为10次；极大值出现在2017年6月30日15:00哈巴河县合孜勒哈克村(37.5 mm/h),极小值出现在2015年8月9日17:00福海县工业园区(22.5 mm/h)。旬、日发生频次变化均呈单峰型，旬峰值出现在7月上旬，日高峰值时段出现在午后至傍晚(19时左右);各站短时强降水持续时间为1—2 h,区域性短时强降水最长持续时间为5 h; 2017年短时强降水出现最多、持续时间最长、范围最广、强度最强。

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of short term heavy rainfall in Altay area of Xinjiang in summer

Based on the hourly precipitation data of 112 automatic weather stations in Altay area from 2010 to 2018, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of short term heavy precipitation in summer in Altay area were analyzed using conventional statistical methods. The results showed that the spatial distribution of short term heavy precipitation in Altay area in recent 9 years was very uneven, which mainly occurred near the windward slope of Altay and Shawuer mountains, the steep terrain area, the bell mouth terrain and the junction area of Gobi and Wulungu Lake; The frequency of occurrence varies greatly from year to year, with a maximum of 95 times in 2017 and a minimum of 10 times in 2010. The maximum value appeared in Hezilhak village, Habahe County (37.5 mm/h) at 15:00 BT on June 30, 2017, and the minimum value appeared in Fuhai County Industrial Park (22.5 mm/h) at 17:00 BT on August 9, 2015. The variation of ten day and daily occurrence frequency showed a single peak type, the ten day peak appeared in the first ten days of July, and the daily peak appeared from afternoon to evening (about 19:00); The duration of short term heavy precipitation at each station was 1-2 h, and the longest duration of regional short term heavy precipitation was 5 h; In 2017, the short term heavy precipitation occurred the most, lasted the longest time, covered the widest range and presented the strongest intensity.