陆地高精度重力观测数据的应用研究进展

陆地重力观测相较于航空和卫星重力观测,距离场源更近,观测精度相对较高,其静态异常和时变数据已广泛应用于研究多种地球动力学问题.21世纪以来,绝对重力观测技术发展迅速,陆地观测网络日益完善,高精度陆地重力观测数据产品逐渐丰富,基于这些产品的大地测量和地球物理研究不断取得新进展.本文总结了近十几年来高精度陆地重力观测数据在大地测量和地球物理领域的应用进展情况,包括基于重力异常数据构建重力场和大地水准面模型、建立地壳物性结构模型、反演Moho界面形态和估计岩石圈有效弹性厚度,以及利用时变重力数据构建时变重力场模型、探测微弱动力学信号、估计地壳构造变形速率和分析与火山、地震过程的可能关联,最后探讨分析了陆地重力测量的未来发展趋势,可为中国大陆重力观测系统建设与发展规划提供参考.

The recent progress using high-precision terrestrial gravity measurements

Compare with the airborne and satellite-borne gravity measurements,terrestrial gravity measurements(TGMs)are closer to the sources of mass change and have relatively higher accuracy.The static anomalies and dynamic changes derived from TGMs have been widely used to study various geodynamic problems.Many high-precision gravity products using TGMs have become available since 21 century because of the development of modern observation techniques(especially those in absolute gravimetry)and the terrestrial network.Much of the progress of geodesy and geophysics has come from these products.In this paper,we briefly summarize the recent progress in geodesy and geophysics using high-precision TGMs during the last decade or so.The first group of applications adopts the gravity anomalies from TGMs,which includes constructing gravity field and geoid models,establishing crustal models,computing Moho undulations,and estimating the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere.The second group of applications adopts the time-varying gravity changes from TGMs,which includes constructing time-varying gravity field models,detecting weak dynamic signals,estimating crustal tectonic deformation rates,and analyzing possible correlations with volcanic and seismic processes.We also discuss the next oppor-tunities for ground gravimetry.Our findings could benefit the construction and development of the gravity observa-tion system in the Chinese Mainland.