河流侵蚀淤积环境地质问题研究--以福建九龙江晋江为例

河流或流水的侵蚀淤积是改造地质环境的最重要因素之一。利用遥感技术和时空对比分析等监测手段来揭示地质环境的这种快速变化，以及对人类生存环境所产生的深远影响是未来环境地质研究的热点和难点问题。近年来随着城市堤防和护岸工程的逐步完善，河流侵蚀淤积作用强度，在一定程度上得到了缓解。但河流的侵蚀淤积地质作用仍占主导地位，由其引发的环境地质问题仍需进一步深入研究。地质构造作用，控制河流的走向和流势；河流水文特征，决定河流地质作用的主要时期；河谷地貌形态，可以改变河流的侵蚀、淤积作用性质；岸坡岩土性质。影响河流沿岸边坡的稳定性；人类工程活动，改变了河流的自然形态和水文泥沙过程，导致新的河床冲淤变化。河流侵蚀淤积环境地质问题主要表现在：(1)河岸侵蚀岸线后移，危及岸边居民建(构)筑物，以及交通、能源、农田、水利等公共设施的安全；(2)河床淤积河道变浅，排洪、泻洪能力下降，影响航运并造成洪水泛滥；(3)河口淤积造成港湾功能的严重退化，影响港口城市的可持续发展。

Geological problem study for the river erosion-sedimentation environment--a case of Jiulongjiang River and Jingjiang River in Fujian Province

The erosion and deposition process of river or flowing water is one of the most important factors for changing the geological environment. The change of the geological environment is showed by the methods of the remote sensing technique and the analysis of time-space contrasts, etc. This change will influence the human environment deeply, and it is a intractability problem for the future research of environment geology. In recent years, with the improving of the city dike and the bank protection, the intensity of the river erosion-sedimentation has been alleviated to a certain degree, but the river erosion-sedimentation is still in dominant position. We still need do the further research for this problem. The geological structure controls the trend and the flow of the river. Hydrological characteristics decide the main period of the river geological process.Geomorphologic form of the river valley can change the erosion-sedimentation of river. Geotechnical of the bank may affect the stability of the river littoral slope. Human engineering activities change the natural form of the river and the process of hydrological sediment. The geological problems of the fiver erosion sedimentary environment are as follows: the moving back of river shore endangers the residents,the buildings, and facilities of the transportation, energy, farmland, water conservancy near the bank; the river bed sediments make the river channel shallow, and decrease the capacities of draining flood and discharge floodwater and affect the shipping; the function of harbor degenerates, and affects the continual development of the bay city.