Analysis and distribution of iron sulfide minerals in recent anoxic marine sediments |
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| Institution: | 1. Palaeo-ecology and Landscape Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Earth Surface Science, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. UMR CNRS 6112 LPG-BIAF, Bio-Indicateurs Actuels et Fossiles, Université d''Angers, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers CEDEX 1, France;2. Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;3. University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Sciences, Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, Finland;4. Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan;5. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Geology & Geophysics Department, Woods Hole, MA, USA;6. Center for Advanced Surface Analysis, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Deep Sea Science Division, Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China;2. School of Ocean and Earth Science and State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;3. Department of Geosciences and Penn State Astrobiology Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), pyrite-sulfur, iron and organic carbon distributions were examined in sediments from a variety of oxic and anoxic marine environments. Multiple determinations of AVS using different acid conditions showed that most extractants give similar AVS concentrations, with the exception of stannous chloride in hot HCl which digested between 10 and 81% of pyrite-sulfur.An extensive examination of iron sulfide minerals in sediments, using scanning electron microscopy combined with simultaneous elemental analysis, showed that identifiable iron sulfides were almost always pyrite. Occurrence of greigite observable by SEM was limited to one site and mackinawite was not found in any samples. Thus, if these minerals are precursors to pyrite formation, as has been frequently hypothesized, they must be primarily present as coatings on other mineral grains or submicron particles. |
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