塔里木河下游末端实施生态输水后植被变化与展望

由于近30a的断流，使本来就处于干旱环境中的塔里木河下游末端朝着更加干旱的方向急剧发展，致使原有的荒漠植被大量消失，植物成片死亡，或濒于死亡，并形成大片裸地；遗留种类极度贫乏，群落结构简单，一年生草本植物趋于灭绝。调查表明，2000年5月开始实施的生态输水工程．使该地区生态环境有了较大改善．地下水位普遍提高；部分地区盐化草甸植被得到了一定程度的恢复；盐柴类灌木荒漠植被得到部分恢复；次生胡杨林在一些地区可望扩大规模。但物种灭绝的不可逆性，决定了这一区域内仅靠单纯的放水措施不可能使自然环境完全恢复到历史上的较好状态。为此，作者提出了分步、有序地“面上用水”、建立人工植被等建议与措施。

The Change and Prospect of Vegetation in the End of the Lower Reaches of Tarim River after Ecological Water Delivering

Up to May 2000, before water delivering, the cutting off runoff of lower Tarim River had been continued for 30 years, all the surface water had disappeared for a long time. It forces the environment which is originally controlled by dry circulation to develop rapidly toward dry environment. The desertification had expanded greatly. As the results, a large number of the saline meadow and halophilous shrub deserta had disappeared. The dead plants were vast sheet, even left a lot of bare lands.;The implementation of ecological water delivering began on 14, May 2000. This project has greatly improved the eco-environment. The underground water table in the areas along river course has raised in common. It becomes possible that the secondary forest of %Populus euphratica% will get development. But according to the inreversibility of extinct species, it is impossible that the natural environment will be recovered to the best state in the history by water delivering alone in this area. It is necessary to build the artificial vegetation. For this purpose, some measures have been put forward in this paper.