Overtopping performance of different armour units for rubble mound breakwaters |
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Authors: | T Bruce JW van der Meer L Franco JM Pearson |
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Institution: | 1. School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, King''s Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, United Kingdom;2. Van der Meer Consulting B.V., P.O. Box 423, 8440 AK, Heerenveen, The Netherlands;3. Univer2sity of Rome 3, Dept. Civil Eng., Via V.Volterra 62, 00146 Roma, Italy;4. University of Warwick, School of Engineering, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom |
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Abstract: | This paper describes a major programme of small-scale physical model tests to establish better the influence of armour type and configuration on overtopping. Specifically, 179 tests determined the relative difference in overtopping behaviour for 13 types/configurations of armour. Roughness factors γf were determined for rock (two layers), cubes (single layer and two layers), Tetrapod, Antifer, Haro, Accropode, Core-Loc™ and Xbloc™. These roughness influence factors have been included in the CLASH database and are for use in the neural network prediction of overtopping. Individual wave-by-wave overtopping volumes were analysed and found to compare well with current prediction methods. Measured reflection coefficients for the different units are also presented and compared with recent formulae. |
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Keywords: | Rubble mound breakwaters Overtopping Armour blocks Wave reflection Armour roughness Overtopping volumes Mean overtopping discharge |
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