PPGIS approach for defining multimodal travel thresholds: Accessibility of popular recreation environments by the water |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Finland;2. Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Finland;1. Center for Geospatial Technology, Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University and Knowledge Exchange for Resilience, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;2. Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;3. Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;4. Department of Geography, George Washington University, and Open Data for Resilience Initiative, Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, World Bank, Washington, DC 20433, USA;5. GeoCenter, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20004, USA;1. Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt Scopus, Jerusalem, 91905, Israel;2. Regional Water and Land Resources, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia;3. School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia;4. School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia;5. Natural Resources Management & Environmental Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, 93407, USA;1. School of Geography, Planning, and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;2. Barbara Hardy Institute, School of NBE, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5085, Australia;3. School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;4. Parks Victoria, 535 Bourke St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;1. University of Groningen, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands;2. VU University, Department of Spatial Economics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | It is essential to ensure equal accessibility to services, such as sport and recreation facilities or green and water environments. Differences in accessibility can potentially cause negative health and social welfare implications. Accessibility and service area analyses from the perspective of access equality are typically rather simple. They are often based on arbitrary travel-distance thresholds and made only with a single mode of transport in mind. Thus, they exclude the multidimensional nature of accessibility where individuals' travel behavior and perceived accessibility also play an important role. In this paper, a PPGIS method was used to empirically investigate distances and durations that respondents travel with different modes of transport to access popular water environments. Service area analyses were built on person-based and objectively measured threshold values that not only take into account the spatio-temporal elements of transport networks and a land use component but also recognize the requirements and preferences of individuals and their capacity to access and participate. The results showed that the most common mode of transport to access waters is walking. Generally, the residents travel by foot for 1.7 km to access water environments. Cars were found as the second most common mode of transport used, and most of the popular water environments are accessible by car from every corner of the study area in a given travel threshold time. The results demonstrate the importance of deriving local parameters and the potential of the PPGIS approach for accessibility and service area delineation. |
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| Keywords: | Public participation GIS Travel threshold Service area Equal access Blue space Urban planning |
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