新疆1999-2009年水足迹计算与分析

利用统计资料，结合水足迹模型和区域水足迹评价方法，对新疆1999-2009年的水足迹及相关指标进行了计算和分析。研究表明：（1）新疆1999-2004年总水足迹呈上升趋势，2004- 2009年略有下降趋势。水资源集约利用度呈增长趋势，说明新疆水资源利用效率有所提高；（2）新疆居民对粮食、肉类等虚拟水含量较大的农产品需求较大，适当减少虚拟水含量较高的产品消费，提倡虚拟水含量较低的产品消费，可减少虚拟水量的消耗；（3）新疆在虚拟水贸易中是水资源输出地，且输出量在不断增大，给新疆本地的水资源利用带来巨大的压力；（4）新疆水资源压力逐年增加，解决水资源短缺问题不能局限于本地实体水资源的高效利用，还可通过虚拟水贸易从水源丰富地区购买高耗水的本地发展所需的相关消费品，实现水资源总体可持续利用。改变消费模式，调整虚拟水战略结构成为缓解新疆水资源短缺的一种可能途径，由于数据限制，水足迹研究有待进一步细化，但是一种可用于探讨干旱区水资源可持续利用的方法。

Calculation and analysis of water footprint in Xinjiang from 1999 to 2009

Water footprint based on virtual water is a comprehensive index and gives a true reflection of the share of human consumption. It effectively measures human consumption of water resources. This paper investigated virtual water consumption structure by using water footprint, and estimated water efficiency through calculations of water footprint structure，benefit and ecological security index in Xinjiang from 1999 to 2009. The results indicate :(1) The gross water footprint has increased from 1999 to 2004, but then has a slight decrease from 2004 to 2009. There was an increase in water intensive use degree, which indicates marked improvements in the development of water efficiency; (2) Higher content of virtual water products like meat and grain are in great demand in Xinjiang, which should be reduced, increasing lower content of virtual water products such as vegetable, fruit and potato; (3) Xinjiang is a virtual water importing area .The largest exports are cotton and ketchup, those have a higher content of virtual water. With the increasing export of virtual water, it will bring huge pressure on the local water resources utilization in Xinjiang; (4) The growing shortage of available water resources in Xinjiang increases in water stress and making full use of local water resources, in order to solve this problem it is the key to purchase high water required for local development of consumer goods from the water-rich region. From what have been discussed above, changing consumption patterns and adjusting the strategic structure of the virtual water can be a possible way to alleviate the shortage of water resources in Xinjiang. Constrained by the data, the study of water footprint needs to be further refined, but it will be a new path to explore the sustainable use of water resources in the arid zone.