陆相盆地沉积作用与构造作用的关系

构造作用与沉积作用两者之间的联系性和统一性正受到人们重视。陆相盆地沉积作用受构造作用的控制极为明显。沉积演化就是构造演化的反映,陆相盆地沉积作用直接反映了构造活动的特征。陆相盆地沉积作用最主要的特征是相变快和幕式沉积作用。按构造动力学背景,可将陆相盆地分为三大类型:张性盆地、压性盆地和剪性盆地。这三类盆地在沉积作用上有很大差异。

Relationship between Sedimentary Process in Terrestrial Basin and Tectonic Process

A good deal of attention has been paid to the relation and unity of the tectonic process and sedimentation . It is very obvious that the sedimentary process of the terrestrial basin is controlled by tectogenesis. The sedimentary evolution of the basin is the reflection of the tectonic evolution . The sedimentary process of the terrestrial basin has unique characteristics.(1)The scope of the terrestrial basin is mainly controlled by the fault zones. (2) The regional tectonic cycle obviously controls the sedimentary sequence boundary of the terrestrial basin. The periodicity of tectogenesis causes the periodic change of the sedimentary sequence.(3)The sedimentary model of the terrestrial basin is obviously controlled by the tectonic framework.(4)There are many surprising sedimentary events in sedimentary formation of the terrestrial basin.(5)Owing to the influence of the tectonics, the deformation frequently occurs in the sedimentary deposit. (6)Because the sediments of the terrestrial basin have the short distance transport, the sediments have the low mature index. (7)There are more sedimentary centres, more matter sources, narrow sedimentary facies zone and the quick facies change in the terrestrial basin. According to the background of the tectonic dynamics, the terrestrial basin can be divided into the extension basin, the compression basin and the shear basin. The three basins differ greatly in the sedimentary characteristics. The extension basin is usually directed at rift basin. The border of the extension basin is mainly the normal fault or growth fault. The plane shape of the extension is zone shape. The sedimentary deposit of the extension basin has not strong deformation. The thickness of the sediment on the downthrow wall is greater than that the sediment on the upcast wall. The periodic change of the tectogenesis causes the enlarging or the contract of the extension basin. The compression basin is usually directed at the terrestrial foreland basin. The shape of the compression basin is usually dustpan shape. The sedimentary deposit of the compression basin has usually the strong deformation. The sedimentary center of the compression basin moves to the foreland. The evolution of the compression basin has relation to the evolution of the orogenic belt. The developing process of the compression basin is a contract process.The shear basin is usually directed at the strike slip basin. The plane shape of the shear basin is usually rhombus. The plane constitution is usually a string of beads. The evolution of the shear basin is controlled by the master fault. The developing process of the shear basin is an enlarging process. The sedimentary center of the shear basin moves to the strike of the master fault.