基于震源垂向组合的浅层低速带多次反射折射波压制方法

低速带发育地区地震记录中的多次反射折射波严重影响波场中相近的反射波，导致反射波形态畸变，影响了对地震资料的正确解释。在阐明浅层低速带多次反射折射波产生机理和传播规律的基础上，提出垂向组合双震源的压制方法。根据勘探前期小折射、微测井等方法获取浅层参数信息，结合多次反射折射波与有效波之间相对位置关系，给出需要对多次反射折射波进行压制的前提条件，然后根据震源组合公式计算得到垂向组合参数可选范围，用于调整低速带中垂向设置的两个震源的相对位置，在不影响目的层反射波的基础上压制多次反射折射波。在正演模拟和黄土塬勘探区试验中，对比了常规单炮记录与震源垂向组合记录。结果表明：震源垂向组合方法在一定程度上能较好地压制浅层低速带多次反射折射波，有效提高地震数据信噪比和解释精度。

Suppression of multiple reflected refraction in shallow low-velocity zones by vertical combination of seismic sources

A special type of multiple reflected refraction often appears in seismic records in areas with low-velocity structures. It seriously affects the closed reflection wave, which causes the distortion of the reflection wave shape and affects the correct interpretation of the seismic data. Based on the forward simulation of the multiple reflected refraction equation, the generation mechanism of multiple reflected refraction in the shallow low-velocity zones was set forth. A method of suppressing multiple reflected refraction by vertically combined dual sources was proposed. The formation parameters(formation thickness and velocity)are obtained according to the methods of small refraction and micro logging in the early stage of exploration. Firstly, according to the relative position relationship between the multiple reflected refraction and the effective wave, the prerequisites for the suppression of the multiple reflected refraction was given. Secondly, the optional range of vertical combination parameters was calculated according to the source combination formula, which was used to adjust the relative position of the two sources set vertically in the low-velocity zone. Based on the above studies, forward modeling and loess plateau exploration area tests were conducted to compare the conventional single shot records with the source vertical combination records. Models verification and practical data applications show that the vertical source combination method can suppress multiple reflected refraction in shallow low-velocity zones and effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.