Egg production and early development of the subarctic copepods Neocalanus cristatus,N. plumchrus and N. flemingeri |
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| Institution: | 1. Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile;2. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Acuática y Genómica Reproductiva/ Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile;3. School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences (SAFS), University of Washington, Seattle, USA;4. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, USA;1. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología de Peces, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile;2. Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile;4. EWOS Innovation, Camino a Pargua km 57, Colaco km 5, Calbuco, Puerto Montt, Chile;5. Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Los Pinos s/n, Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile;6. Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile;7. EWOS Innovation, Dirdasstranda 51, 4335, Dirdal, Norway |
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| Abstract: | Reproduction and early development of the large subarctic copepods Neocalanus cristatus, N. plumchrus and N. flemingeri were investigated in the laboratory. All three species produced eggs at intervals of 5.0 to 14.7 days, depending on species and temperature. The females of N. flemingeri released the fewest clutches of the three species, but with the largest clutch size. Clutch size of N. cristatus was smallest with longest intervals between clutches. Mean±1 S.E. of total fecundities were 386±116 eggs for N. cristatus, 840±214 eggs for N. plumchrus, and 924±346 eggs for N. flemingeri. The egg laying period of a female at 2°C was estimated to be 91 days for N. cristatus, 60 days for N. plumchrus and 47 days for N. flemingeri. The color and outer characteristics of eggs and nauplii of these species were quite different. C : N ratios of the eggs were 9.3–10.5, which were slightly higher than that of females or CV. Egg hatching times for each species were 4.6–5.7 days at 2°C and decreased with increasing temperature at a Q10 of 2.8–3.0. N. cristatus nauplii developed to copepodid stage I (CI) without feeding, and the developmental time in days from hatching to CI was expressed as a Bělehrádek equation, DCI=17068×(T+14.7)−2.05. Reproduction strategies of the three species of Neocalanus are discussed with reference to their life history strategies. |
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