XBT monitoring of a meridian section across the western Mediterranean Sea |
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| Institution: | 1. IAMC-CNR Istituto per l''Ambiente Marino Costiero — Sede, Calata Porta di Massa — Interno Porto, 80133 Napoli, Italy;2. IAMC-CNR, UOS di Capo Granitola, Via del Faro 3, 91021 Campobello di Mazara, Trapani, Italy;3. IAMC-CNR, UOS di Mazara del Vallo, Via L. Vaccara 61, 91026 Mazara del Vallo, Trapani, Italy;1. Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 116 Katsurakoi, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0802, Japan;2. National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan;3. Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1-5939-22 Suido-cho, Chuou, Niigata, Niigata 951-8121, Japan;4. Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 3-27-5 Shinhama, Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001, Japan;1. Université de Guyane, IRD, UMR ESPACE-DEV, F97300 Cayenne, Guyane;2. Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, UK;3. African Climate & Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;4. Department of Oceanography, MARE Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;5. Université Grenoble Alpes, LTHE UMR 5564, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble, France;6. IRD, LTHE UMR 5564, 38041 Grenoble, France;7. CNRS, LTHE UMR 5564, 38041 Grenoble, France;8. Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, UFR SSMT/LAPA-MF, Abidjan, Ivory Coast;9. SODEXAM, Meteorological Dept., 15 BP 990, Abidjan, Ivory Coast;10. Niger Meteorological Office, BP., 218, Niamey, Niger;11. Centre Régional AGRHYMET/CILSS, BP, 11011, Niamey, Niger;12. University Abdou Moumouni, Niamey, Niger;13. Addis Ababa Univ., Physics Department, Arat Kilo Campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;14. Université AssaneSeck of Ziguinchor, BP 523, Ziguinchor, Senegal;15. ANACIM, Météorological Dept., BP 8257, Dakar-Yoff, Dakar, Senegal;p. Université Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, ESP/LPAOSF, Dakar, Senegal;q. Muséum National d''Histoire Naturelle, UMR 208 PALOC, Paris, France |
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| Abstract: | During the Thetis-2/MAST-2 tomography experiment, T7-XBT calibrated (accuracy ～0.05°C) probes were launched ～28 km apart between France and Algeria, twice a month from Feb. to Sep. 1994. Combined with infrared images, altimetric data and ship drifts, they provide definite information on the structure, drift and role of the eddy-like mesoscale phenomena generated by the Algerian Current instability. When embedded in this alongslope current, these phenomena generally propagate downstream at a few km/day and are markedly asymmetrical. Because of the topography in the eastern part of the Algerian Basin, they separate from the current, become more symmetrical and follow an anticlockwise circuit in the open basin. These phenomena are deeper than ～750 m and entrain seaward pieces of the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) vein flowing along the Sardinian slope, thus being responsible of the large spatial and temporal variability of the LIW distribution in the open basin. The non-existence of a LIW vein flowing westward across the Algerian Basin is definitely demonstrated. In the Gulf of Lions, new insights are provided into the formation and spreading of the Winter Intermediate Water (WIW), which is the Western Mediterranean counterpart of LIW. Considering the large amount of WIW formed during this mild winter, it is clear that this water has not received enough attention yet, and is certainly a major component of the Mediterranean outflow at Gibraltar. Finally, the XBT data account for the eastward flow of the Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW) off Algeria. |
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