我国西部地区生态地理区域系统与生态建设战略初步研究

生态地理区域系统是根据代表自然界的生物和非生物要素地理相关性的比较研究和综合分析,按照自然界的地域分异规律,划分或合并而形成不同等级的区域系统。其主要研究的对象是自然要素的空间格局,及其与自然资源的匹配。生态地理区域系统所体现的温度、水分等立地条件地域差异,是认识生态环境的宏观框架,可以也应该成为制定治理措施的基础,对植被的恢复和保护有重要的指导意义。我国西部在生态上受到西北地区的沙漠化和盐碱化,黄土高原、西南地区的土壤侵蚀,青藏高原的草场退化,西南地区的滑坡、泥石流等的胁迫。管理上也存在许多问题,如盲目的退耕还林,盲目强调植树造林等。因此,西部地区的生态建设在认识自然环境的基础上,解决管理上的问题,包括在指导思想上的误解,即“生态建设 =种树”,“退耕必定还林”;局面上避免开发的无序状态 ;工作措施上,则要防止“一刀切”的方式。本文综合西部地区的温带、水分、植被、土壤等因素,将西部地区生态地理区域系统划分 8个温度带,2 5个自然区。通过综合西部地区的环境胁迫特点,植被恢复和保护与自然环境和生态区域系统的关系,从西部地区的生态地理区域系统,合并构成西部地区的生态建设格局的 6个区域,并且提出各个区域生态建设的主要措施。

A Preliminary Study on Eco geographic System and Ecological Construction in West China

Eco geographic system is a hierachical regional system divided or combined from geographic related comparison and integrated analysis of biological and non biological factors on the earth’s surface according to natural distributing laws. Main objects of the system are special patterns of natural factors and their relationship to natural resources. Ecological construction is to take measurements to reduce or eliminate environmental factors that are unsuitable for human living and development. The main measurement for ecological construction include vegetation recovery and protection, agricultural (including livestock husbandry and forestry) structural adjustment, land degradation reparation and natural disaster reduction. It is eco geographic system that gives regional differentiation of natural factors, which is a frame to recognize the environment, a foundation to set up policies for environmental reparation, and an important instruction for vegetation recovery and conservation. Ecological construction in the West China faces many environmental problems, such as salinity and alkalinity in the Northwest area; soil erosion in the Loess Plateau and the Southeast areas; grassland degradation in the Qinghai Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau area; and landslide and mud flow in the Southwest area. Ideological problems in management of ecological construction include “ecological construction=planting trees” and “converting farmland certainly to forestry land”. Moreover, disorder development situation should be avoided and simplified working methodology must be diversified. According to differentiation of natural conditions, eco geographic system of West China is divided into 8 temperature zones and 25 basic regions. Based on environmental characteristics of West China, relationship between eco geographic system and ecological construction. The authors set up ecological construction pattern for West China from the eco geographic system of West China. Brief ecological strategies of each region are described.