流水下切的动力学机制、物理侵蚀过程和影响因素:评述和展望

流水下切是指河流河道在基岩中的垂直切割。自20世纪90年代以来,由于对全球尺度的气候、地表过程和构造之间相互作用的认识,以及工程建设和天然资源管理决策的需要,流水下切成为构造地貌学的理论研究前缘。文章从动力学机制、物理侵蚀过程、三大外来变量构造、气候和基准面变化的影响,以及区分这些变量影响的可能性等方面,对流水下切研究的最新进展予以评述。未来流水下切研究要在流水动力学和地球动力学两方面探索更多的科学问题

DYNAMICAL MECHANISM,PHYSICAL EROSION PROCESSES AND INFLUENCE FACTORS OF FLUVIAL INCISION: A REVIEW AND PROSPECT

The term “fluvial incision" refers to vertical incision of stream channel into bedrock. Since 1990's, because of recent recognition of potential global-scale interactions among climate, surface processes, tectonics, needs of engineering constructions and critical land-use decisions the theoretical problems of bedrock channel fluvial incision have been brought to the forefront of tectonic geomorphology. This paper provides a review of the recent development of the research on fluvial incision from dynamical mechanism, physical erosion processes, influence of external variables, dealing with tectonics, climate and base-level change, and possibility of distinguishing their influences. The research of fluvial incision in the future will explore more scientific problems concerning both fluvial dynamics and geodynamics.