亚洲地区的流域—海岸相互作用：APN近期研究动态

在亚洲地区,不同流域的海岸带所接受的淡水、沉积物、营养物质和污染物质入海通量有着很大的差异。入海通量的特征受到流域人类活动的强烈影响,如水坝建设和化肥的大量施用。气候和海平面的变化也起了一定的作用。流域—海岸相互作用的特点是,入海物质通量的变化将导致流域、河口以及邻近水域的地貌、环境和生态系统的改变。在流域—海岸系统不断变化的情况下,为了改进流域—海岸系统开发的管理策略,应进行以下调查和研究工作：①在现场监测和观察的基础上,定量地描述上述变化;②了解引起上述变化的过程和机制;③发展预测未来变化的趋势和幅度的新方法、新技术;④将所获结果应用于流域—海岸系统的开发和管理实践。为了确定本研究领域今后10年的资助方向,APN (Asian Pacific Network for Global Change Research)召集了相关的学术研讨会。按照APN的部署,笔者负责完成了“流域—海岸相互作用”领域的研究课题建议,本文是这份文件的简要总结。

Catchment-Coast Interactions of the Asian Region: APN Recent Research Topics

Across the Asia-Pacific region,coastal areas are highly varied in the status of water,sediment,nutrient,and pollutant discharges from catchments.Such changes are mainly caused by extremely intense human activities in the catchment basins,ranging from construction of numerous dams to the large scale utilization of chemical fertilisers,and,to less extent,by climate and sea level changes.The nature of catchment-coast interactions means that changes of material fluxes will result in morphological,environmental,and ecosystem changes in the catchment areas,estuaries,and adjacent coastal waters.In order to improve management of regional development under the changed conditions of the catchment-coast system,it is proposed that research should:(1) define the various changes quantitatively,on the basis of in situ monitoring and measurements;(2) understand the basic processes and mechanisms that are responsible for the changes;(3) develop new methods and techniques for the prediction of future changes,in terms of both trends and magnitude of fluctuations;and(4) apply the findings obtained from these studies to future catchment-coast development and management practices.Recently,a workshop was organized by APN(Asian Pacific Network for Global Change Research) to discuss about future research topics for the region.Following the workshop,the author completed a document for suggestions of future research directions within the study area of "Catchment-Coast Interactions".The present contribution is a short summary of the document.