中国小比例尺卫星影象地图的设计与制作

利用数字化的NOAA AVHRR数据进行小比例尺、准同步宏观制图是一种低成本和快速的制图方法。笔者应用本文方法制作了第一幅小比例尺的、完整的中国假彩色卫星影象地图。它包含了全部的南中国海,这是使用其他的遥感数据(如陆地卫星或SPOT卫星)难以做到的。该图采用了热红外、近红外和可见光的红波段所构成的假彩色合成方案,提供了丰富的色彩和影象信息。本图制作时实施的数据处理内容包括:地图投影变换、影象反差增强和锐化、彩色平衡调整、去云处理和海陆分离处理、利用植被指数原理的影象时相修正和数字镶嵌操作等。根据影象地图的载负量和视觉效果,图上精心选取并设计了地理要素、地图符号和注记。该图是应用遥感新技术开发的地图新产品,被十七届国际摄影测量与遥感会议选为展示成果,并被该会评为获奖成果。

Designing and Mapping of the Small-scale False-color Photomap of China

A low-cost and quick mappping technique on near-synchronous, small-scale and macrocosm is developed using digital NOAA/AVHRR data. The satellite photomap of China is made from imagery and symbol base maps according to cartographic techniques strictly. This is the first small-scale, integrated and standard false-color satellite photomap of China, especially if contains the whole South China Sea that is rather difficult to use other remotely sensed data such as Landsat or SPOT. The false color composite of AVHRR thermal infrared, near infrared and visible red channels is used to provide rich information and colourful tones. The data processing includes map projection transformation, image enhancement both on contrast stretch and image sharpening, color balance adjustment, cloud removing, separated processing of land and sea, modification of image seasonal aspect with vegetation index image and mosaic. Geographic elements, map symbols and letterings were selected and desinged carefully considering the finial load of the photomap content and vision effect. This false-color satellite photomap of China has been selected by the 17th ISPRS Congress as a poster achievement.