全球气候变化与地质灾害响应分析

对全球气候变化对地质灾害的响应关系,尤其是对滑坡和泥石流灾害的响应关系进行了综述。工业化革命以来,特别是近几十年来全球气候发生着重要的变化,全球几乎所有地区都经历着升温过程。全球气候变化对极端天气事件(极端降雨、气温升高、强风和洪水灾害)的影响尤为强烈,并且增加了地质灾害的发生风险。其中,水循环和气温的变化是影响地质灾害发生的直接因素。气温上升会导致大气层含水量升高、冰川冻土退化、海平面上升、蒸发作用增强;水循环变化会导致降雨频率、降水周期、降水强度的改变。日益增加的极端天气与同岩土体相互作用,导致了不同类型地质灾害的发生,严重威胁着人类的生活起居。

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND GEOLOGICAL DISASTER RESPONSE ANALYSIS

Since the industrial revolution, due to the global climate change, the world is experiencing global warming in recent decades. The impact of global climate change on extreme weather events (extreme rainfall, high temperatures, strong winds and floods) is particularly strong, and increases the risk of geological disasters. Water cycle and temperature change are the direct factors incuring geological disasters. The rise of temperature leads to the increase of water content in the atmosphere, the glacier permafrost degradation, sea-level rise, and evaporation enhancement. The change of water cycle will lead to changes in the frequency of rainfall, the cycle of precipitation, and the intensity of precipitation. Increasing extreme weather and soil interact lead to the occurrence of different types of geological disasters, which are serious threats to human life. In this paper, the response to geological disasters under global climate change, especially landslide and debris flow disasters, and the mutual relations are reviewed.