辽宁沿海菲律宾蛤仔不同地理群体形态差异研究

利用多变量形态度量学方法,对辽宁沿海菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)长兴岛(CXD)、旅顺(LS)、营口(YK)、盘锦(PJ)、锦州(JZH)、海洋岛(HYD)、黑石礁(HSJ)以及金州(JZ)8个野生群体进行形态学比较分析。结果表明:主成分分析得到了3个主成分,贡献率分别为40.21%,19.98%和11.57%,累积贡献率为71.75%。聚类分析结果显示,旅顺群体和锦州群体形态最为接近,而与黑石礁群体差异较大。营口群体的趋异程度最大,长兴岛群体、金州群体和海洋岛群体的趋异程度居中。长兴岛群体壳型最扁,贝壳较厚且重;营口群体软体部最肥;金州群体壳型"凸"型最明显,且质量最大,而黑石礁群体贝壳最薄。这些明显特征揭示了不同群体的形态差异。研究结果为菲律宾蛤仔的地理群体识别、种质资源保护与恢复提供了重要依据。

Morphological variation analysis of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) populations along the coast of Liaoning Province

The variations of 12 morphometric measurements of eight Ruditapes philippinarum populations were comparatively analyzed in this study. The sampling sites distribute along the coasts of Liaoning Province, including Heishijiao (HSJ), Jinzhou (JZ), Yingkou (YK), Lvshun (LS), Changxingdao (CXD), Panjin (PJ), Jinzhou (JZH), and Haiyangdao (HYD). According to principal component analysis, the extracted three components with contribution of 40.21%, 19.98 % and 11.57 %, respectively, interpreted 71.75% of the total variation. Cluster and multivariate analysis revealed that the LS, JZH, and PJ populations were grouped in one cluster, and the CXD, JZ and HYD population were grouped in another cluster, while the YK population was the most distant from others. The clams are flat shell, shell thick and heavy in CXD population, the clam meat are fattest in YK population, the shell is heavy and most obviously convex in the JZ, while the shell is thinnest in HSJ population. These characteristics reveal obvious morphological differences between different geographical populations. This work provided an important basis for the identification of geographical populations and protection and restoration of genetic resources of R. philippinarum.