Restoration and rational use of degraded saline reed wetlands: A case study in western Songnen Plain, China |
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Authors: | Bolong Wen Xingtu Liu Xiujun Li Fuyi Yang Xiaoyu Li |
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Institution: | Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China; 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China) |
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Abstract: | The protection, restoration and sustainable use are key issues of all the wetlands worldwide. Ecological, agronomic, and engineering
techniques have been integrated in the development of a structurally sound, ecologically beneficial engineering restoration
method for restoring and utilizing a degraded saline wetland in the western Songnen Plain of China. Hydrological restoration
was performed by developing a system of biannual irrigation and drainage using civil engineering measures to bring wetlands
into contact with river water and improve the irrigation and drainage system in the wetlands. Agronomic measures such as plowing
the reed fields, reed rhizome transplantation, and fertilization were used to restore the reed vegetation. Biological measures,
including the release of crab and fish fry and natural proliferation, were used to restore the aquatic communities. The results
of the restoration were clear and positive. By the year 2009, the reed yield had increased by 20.9 times. Remarkable ecological
benefits occurred simultaneously. Vegetation primary-production capacity increased, local climate regulation and water purification
enhanced, and biodiversity increased. This demonstration of engineering techniques illustrates the basic route for the restoration
of degraded wetlands, that the biodiversity should be reconstructed by the comprehensive application of engineering, biological,
and agronomic measures based on habitat restoration under the guidance of process-oriented strategies. The complex ecological
system including reeds, fish and crabs is based on the biological principles of coexistence and material recycling and provides
a reasonable ecological engineering model suitable for the sustainable utilization of degraded saline reed wetlands. |
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Keywords: | degraded wetlands reed ecological restoration ecological engineering rational use |
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