农业地域类型的识别及其演进特征——以106国道沿线典型样带区为例

构建农业地域类型的辨识指标体系,采用农用地动态度、农用地优势度、重心模型和空间自相关模型,分析1996、2000和2009年106国道沿线样带区农业地域类型的时空格局、演进特征及其驱动机制。结果表明:① 研究区农业发展的社会经济条件地域差异显著,呈现北高南低的梯度分布规律,并在样带中南部形成“低谷区”。② 农用地结构、利用程度与方式变化显著。耕地减少326.17×10³ hm²,北部快于南部地区,山地丘陵区快于平原农区;园地和林地逐渐向优势区集中,牧草地总体变化不明显;垦殖指数有所下降,耕地承载人口压力日益增加,水浇地面积比重大。③ 农业仍然是主要部门,其次为畜牧业、林业和渔业;果品、蔬菜生产在全国占据重要地位。样带区东部平原县农业优势高于西部山地丘陵县,而牧业比较优势则是西部高于东部,林业比较优势呈由南向北逐渐增强的态势,南部渔业优势突出。④ 农业投入产出效益逐年递增,且有加速趋势。⑤ 农业地域类型的形成与演变受自然资源禀赋、人口变化、经济增长、技术革新和政策体制等因素的综合影响,但各时期的主导驱动机制有所差别。

Agricultural region type identification and its spatio-temporal evolution characteristics: A case study of sampling belt along G106 in China

By the methods of Land Use Dynamic Degree, Land Use Advantage Degree, Gravity Center Curve and Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis, and based on the data of 1996, 2000and 2009 of 151 spatial units in transect area along G106,the spatio-temporal evolution characteristic of the agricultural region type and its driving force were identified. The results are shown as follows: (1) from 1988 to 2009, the socio-economic conditionsfor agricultural developmenthad a gradual regional distribution pattern, dropping from northern counties to southern counties. (2) Thechanges of farmland use structure, mode and intensity were significant.Cultivated land sharplydecreased by 326.17×10³ hm².Cultivated lands in northern counties and mountainous and hilly areas decreased faster than that in southern counties andtraditional agricultural areas; garden land and forest land gradually concentrated to the advantageous areas; and pastureland changed inconspicuously. The reclamation index was declined; the population supporting capacity of cultivated landwas increased; andthe irrigated landoccupied a large proportion. (3) Agriculture remained the main sector, followed by animal husbandry, forestry and fishery. The fruit and vegetable output occupieda large proportion. The gravity trajectory of output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery showed that the eastern plain counties tooksuperior agricultural development advantages to the western mountainous and hilly counties,while the western mountainous and hilly counties took comparative advantage in animal husbandry development over the eastern plains counties. Forestry development underwent an increasing trend from southern counties to northern counties, and fishery development concentrated in southern counties. (4) Agricultural input and output efficiency increased year by year. (5) It is concluded that natural resource endowments, demographic change, economic growth, technological innovation and policy regime were the main drivers of agricultural region type spatio-temporal pattern changein transect area along G106.