以内陆水体为观测目标的GF-1影像常规融合方法评价

内陆水体的研究需要遥感影像具备高空间分辨率和高光谱分辨率，这使得影像的全色（PAN）波段和多光谱（MS）波段之间的融合尤为重要。本文以钱塘江大缺口段为研究对象，采用四种常规融合方法，包括Pan Sharpening（PS）、主成分分析（PCA）、Gram Schmidt（GS）和小波分析（WF），分别对GF-1影像开展了全色波段和多光谱波段的融合方法评价。研究结果表明，GS融合后的影像效果最好，随后分别是PCA、WF和PS。由于水陆之间反射率信息获取的根本差异，大面积水体的存在会影响到融合影像保留源图像空间和光谱信息的能力。因而，在进行遥感影像融合时，融合方法的选择需要考虑影像中水域面积的分布情况。

Performances of conventional fusion methods evaluated for inland water body observation using GF-1 image

Satellite remote sensing of inland water body requires a high spatial resolution and a multiband narrow spectral resolution, which makes the fusion between panchromatic (PAN) and multi-spectral (MS) images particularly important. Taking the Daquekou section of the Qiantang River as an observation target, four conventional fusion methods widely accepted in satellite image processing, including pan sharpening (PS), principal component analysis (PCA), Gram-Schmidt (GS), and wavelet fusion (WF), are utilized to fuse MS and PAN images of GF-1. The results of subjective and objective evaluation methods application indicate that GS performs the best, followed by the PCA, the WF and the PS in the order of descending. The existence of a large area of the water body is a dominant factor impacting the fusion performance. Meanwhile, the ability of retaining spatial and spectral informations is an important factor affecting the fusion performance of different fusion methods. The fundamental difference of reflectivity information acquisition between water and land is the reason for the failure of conventional fusion methods for land observation such as the PS to be used in the presence of the large water body. It is suggested that the adoption of the conventional fusion methods in the observing water body as the main target should be taken with caution. The performances of the fusion methods need re-assessment when the large-scale water body is present in the remote sensing image or when the research aims for the water body observation.