A search for evidence of solar rotation in Super-Kamiokande solar neutrino dataset |
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| Institution: | 1. Excellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, D-85748, Germany;2. Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, USA;3. Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA;1. A. Alikhanyan National Lab (Yerevan Physics Institute), 2 Alikhanyan Brothers, Yerevan 0036, Armenia\n;2. National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation;1. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden;2. The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden;3. Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739–8526, Japan;4. Max Planck Institut for Physics, Munich D-80805, Germany;5. University of Geneva, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland;1. ITeDA (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Institut für Theoretische Physik IV, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany;2. Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa;1. ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;2. University of Geneva, ISDC Data Center for Astrophysics, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland;3. Universität Würzburg, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;4. TU Dortmund, Experimental Physics 5, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44221 Dortmund, Germany |
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| Abstract: | We apply the generalized Lomb–Scargle (LS) periodogram, proposed by Zechmeister and Kurster, to the solar neutrino data from Super-Kamiokande (Super-K) using data from its first five years. For each peak in the LS periodogram, we evaluate the statistical significance in two different ways. The first method involves calculating the False Alarm Probability (FAP) using non-parametric bootstrap resampling, and the second method is by calculating the difference in Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) between the null hypothesis, viz. the data contains only noise, compared to the hypothesis that the data contains a peak at a given frequency. Using these methods, we scan the frequency range between 7–14 cycles per year to look for any peaks caused by solar rotation, since this is the proposed explanation for the statistically significant peaks found by Sturrock and collaborators in the Super-K dataset. From our analysis, we do confirm that similar to Sturrock et al, the maximum peak occurs at a frequency of 9.42/year, corresponding to a period of 38.75 days. The FAP for this peak is about 1.5% and the difference in BIC (between pure white noise and this peak) is about 4.8. We note that the significance depends on the frequency band used to search for peaks and hence it is important to use a search band appropriate for solar rotation. However, The significance of this peak based on the value of BIC is marginal and more data is needed to confirm if the peak persists and is real. |
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