海上溢油量评估方法研究综述

近年来,国内外海上溢油污染事故的频发,使得全社会对海洋污染的关注不断升温。海上溢油量是评价海上溢油事故威胁程度和确定溢油事故等级的重要指标,也是污染赔偿追责的重要依据,同时对于现场溢油应急处置和科学决策也有重要作用。本文总结分析了目前主要的4种海上溢油量初步评估方法,包括质量平衡法、工艺流程法、现场观测法和数值模拟法。不同溢油量估算方法适用的溢油源和溢油方式各有不同,估算的溢油量也不尽相同。实际应用中,通常根据具体情况选择多种方法进行溢油量综合评估。本文从实际应用出发,探讨几种可用的溢油量评估方法,并结合案例进行说明。

Review on the Methods for Assessment of Marine Oil Spill Volume

In recent years the pollution caused by marine oil spill occurs frequently at home and abroad,which has made the whole society pay much attention to the marine pollution.The marine oil spill volume is not only an important index for evaluating the threat degree of marine oil spill accident and determining the grade of oil spill accident,but also an important basis for pollution compensation and accountability.Also,it plays an important role for the in-situ oil spill response and scientific decision making.Several major methods for preliminary evaluation of marine oil spill volume are summarized and analyzed,which include mass balance method,technical process method,field observation method and numerical simulation method.Different methods are suitable for different sources and ways of oil spill so that the estimated oil spill volume is usually not the same.In the practical application,it is common to select multiple methods for the comprehensive assessment of oil spill volume according to the concrete conditions.For practical application,several methods available for the assessment of oil spill volume are discussed and illustrated by combination with practical cases.