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Lunar X-ray fluorescence observations by the Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS): Results from the nearside southern highlands |
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| Authors: | S Narendranath PS Athiray BJ Kellett CJ Howe M Grande IA Crawford S Lalita SZ Weider LR Nittler D Rothery N Bhandari MA Wieczorek the CXS team |
| Institution: | a Space Astronomy Group, ISRO Satellite Centre, Vimanapura P.O., Bangalore 560 017, India b STFC, The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK c Division of Geophysics and Astronomy, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 48, FI-00014, 22 University of Helsinki, Finland d Center for Lunar Science and Exploration, The Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, 3600, Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, USA e Institute of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3BZ, UK f Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK g Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington DC 20015CIW, USA h Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France i Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK j Institute of Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland k Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/Birkbeck, Department of Earth Sciences, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK l Department of physics, University of Calicut, Thenjippalam, Kerala, India m Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangapura, Ahmedabad 380 009, Gujarat, India n Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Univ Paris Diderot, 4 Avenue de Neptune, F-94100 Saint Maur des Fossés, France |
| Abstract: | The Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS) flown on-board the first Indian lunar mission Chandrayaan-1, measured X-ray fluorescence spectra during several episodes of solar flares during its operational period of ∼9 months. The accompanying X-ray Solar Monitor (XSM) provided simultaneous spectra of solar X-rays incident on the Moon which are essential to derive elemental chemistry. In this paper, we present the surface abundances of Mg, Al, Si, Ca and Fe, derived from C1XS data for a highland region on the southern nearside of the Moon. Analysis techniques are described in detail including absolute X-ray line flux derivation and conversion into elemental abundance. The results are consistent with a composition rich in plagioclase with a slight mafic mineral enhancement and a Ca/Al ratio that is significantly lower than measured in lunar returned samples. We suggest various possible scenarios to explain the deviations. |
| Keywords: | Moon Surface Spectroscopy |
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