Carbon tetrachloride lifetimes and emissions determined from daily global measurements during 1978–1985 |
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| Authors: | P G Simmonds D M Cunnold F N Alyea C A Cardelino A J Crawford R G Prinn P J Fraser R A Rasmussen R D Rosen |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Geochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, England;(2) School of Geophysical Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 30332 Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.;(3) Oregon Graduate Center, Institute of Atmospheric Science, 97005 Beaverton, OR, U.S.A.;(4) Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139 Cambridge, MA, U.S.A.;(5) Division of Atmospheric Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 3195 Aspendale, Victoria, Australia;(6) Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., 02139 Cambridge, MA, U.S.A. |
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| Abstract: | Seven years of daily gas chromatographic measurements of CCl4 at the five globally distributed ALE/GAGE surface sites are reported. It is determined that CCl4 has been accumulating in the atmosphere at a rate of 1.3±0.1%/yr over the period 1978–1985 and that the releases of CCl4 into the atmosphere have remained fairly constant, with the smallest releases in 1981–1982. Using an inversion scheme based on a nine box model of the atmosphere, we infer a CCl4 lifetime of approximately 40 yr, an inventory on 1 July 1978 of (2.08±0.07)×109 kg and an average rate of release over the period 1978–1985 of (0.9±0.9)×107 kg/yr. These results produce excellent agreement with a release scenario derived from global production estimates for CCl4 and the major CCl4 byproduct, the chlorofluorocarbons. However, to obtain this consistency, it is necessary that our current ALE/GAGE absolute calibration standard be reduced approximately 25% thus bringing it into agreement with measurements by Yokohata et al. (1985) and Hanst et al. (1975). |
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| Keywords: | Carbon tetrachloride fluorocarbons atmospheric releases |
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